Grammar 21: Los verbos defectivos
Los verbos defectivos forman el negativo colocando not detrás del verbo y el interrogativo, anteponiendo el sujeto al verbo.
| afirmativo | negativo | interrogativo | interrog-negat | ||||
| I | can | I | can't | can | I? | can't | I? |
| You | You | you? | you? | ||||
| He | He | he? | he? | ||||
| She | She | she? | she? | ||||
| It | It | it? | it? | ||||
| We | We | we? | we? | ||||
| You | You | you? | you? | ||||
| They | They | they? | they? | ||||
El negativo de can puede ser cannot o can't.
CAN tiene la idea de 'poder' y también de 'saber' cuando se trata de una habilidad
- Potencia física: He can lift this armchair
- Permiso: Can we go to the cinema today?
- Habilidad: He can speak english and french
CAN'T tiene los siguientes significados
- Prohibición: You can't talk in this room
- Deducción en negativo: He can't be his cousin
- Impotencia física o incapacidad: I can't lift this box; it is very heavy. He can't speak spanish
COULD es el pasado de can
- Podía o sabía: I could speak italian and spanish
- Podría: Could you tell me the way to Nobleville?
- Potencia física: He said he could lift the armchair
MAY significa 'poder' y se emplea normalmente con la idea de permiso y posibilidad
- Permiso: You may go to the park
- Posibilidad: He may be in Rome now
MAY NOT
- Denegación de permiso: You may not smoke there
- Duda: It may not be true
MIGHT es el pasado de may
- Permiso: Your brother said you might not go to the cinema
- Posibilidad muy remota: It might snow
MUST tiene el significado de 'deber' con varias ideas
- Obligación: You must obey your sister
- Necesidad: You must study hard if you want to pass your examination
- Suposición: He must be danish
- Consejo: You must see that museum
MUSTN'T
- Prohibición: You mustn't smoke in class
- Algo que no es aconsejable: You mustn't drink brandy
NEED NOT o NEEDN'T es el negativo de must, cuando este verbo tiene la idea de 'necesidad'
- You must come on Tuesday
- You needn't come on Sunday
OUGHT lleva siempre 'to' detrás y significa 'debería'
- Para aconsejar: You ought to study Swedish
- Para indicar una obligación moral: You ought to help the poor
- El negativo para expresar algo que no debería hacerse: You ought not to smoke so much
- Esta idea también puede darse con should: You should help the poor
USED TO significa 'solía' y sólo se usa en pasado
- I used to go there every month
- Para decir 'soler' en presente, se utiliza: usually, generally, often
I usually come in the afternoon
Vocabulario
to accompany | forbidden | to go out
Expresions
On the telephone | I'm afraid not | What about five? | May I call on you
| So long | To have a cold | Strong enough
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Lesson 21 | Video Mister Duncan: 21 | Song 21 | Grammar 21
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